Understanding financing options in property development
Written by David Lovato – CPC Lending Solutions
April 2025
Property development can often be complex as it encompasses everything from land acquisition to construction and fitout.
To ensure that property development projects can be completed and potentially turn a profit, understanding the different financing options is key. By delving beyond means of senior debt, developers can access another level of funding that could prove beneficial both now and in the future.
Taking up their own space in the capital stack are the opportunities of mezzanine financing and preferred equity financing. Understanding the subtleties between these financing options helps developers answer the common question: “which option is more suitable for my project?”.
What is Mezzanine Financing?
Mezzanine financing is essentially a hybrid of debt and equity that sits between senior debt and common equity in the capital stack. As such, it is often viewed as an option for developers who are looking to bridge a funding gap.
To understand the intricacies of mezzanine financing and how it might be applicable to a property development project, it’s essential to also acknowledge common terms such as senior debt and capital stack.
As such, senior debt is defined as borrowed money that a company must repay first. As this type of debt has the highest priority, it bears the lowest risk which, in turn, results in lower interest rates. The most common type of senior debt is from financing institutions like banks.
In relation to the capital stack, this is a term used to refer to the layers of capital that have gone into a project. The capital stack highlights who will receive funds or profits and in what order this will take place.
With this in mind, mezzanine financing is often referred to as the middle layer in the capital stack as it falls between senior debt and any equity. As the debt is secured and falls in this middle layer, such a loan will carry a higher risk profile, resulting in higher interest rates.
Despite the associated higher interest rates and the potential of lenders imposing stricter borrowing conditions, mezzanine financing is a viable and common option for property development projects. Especially when you consider that it is non-dilutive.
What is Preferred Equity Financing?
Preferred equity is another common financing option utilised by property developers. Preferred equity financing involves the developer giving the lender a stake in the project. In relation to the capital stack, preferred equity sits above common equity but below debts such as mezzanine.
With this positioning in the capital stack, the provider of preferred equity financing will receive profits and have their debts repaid before common equity stakeholders such as the developer themselves.
This level of ownership also affords the lender or the investor with the ability to be involved in a decision making level. There is also the ability to take control of the project if things are not following the outlined plan.
Key Differences Between Mezzanine and Preferred Equity?
Where mezzanine financing is viewed as bridging the funding gap, preferred equity is seen as sharing the risk and reward of a project. As such, there are many key differences between mezzanine and preferred equity financing for property development funding.
Mezzanine Financing | Preferred Equity | |
Risk Profile | As the middle layer in the capital stack, mezzanine funding falls between senior debt and equity. While the risk profile is high, mezzanine has a higher claim on assets than preferred equity. | Its position in the capital stack means that preferred equity is subordinate. Therefore the risk profile is higher than debt but lower than common equity. |
Control Rights | Mezzanine lenders do not get involved with the progression of the property development project. | Preferred equity investors may negotiate voting rights and therefore have a say in how the project progresses. |
Return Structures | Mezzanine loans require interest payments and due to the risk profile, the interest rates are higher than those associated with senior debt. | Preferred equity investors will receive a fixed return or dividend based on their stake in their project. |
Collateral Requirements | As a second ranking mortgage a mezzanine loan is secured. | Preferred equity, unlike debt, is typically not secured. However, returns are secured through the lender or investors stake in the project. |
Where mezzanine financing is viewed as bridging the funding gap, preferred equity is seen as sharing the risk and reward of a project. As such, there are many key differences between mezzanine and preferred equity financing for property development funding.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Each Financing Option
As financing options for property development both mezzanine and preferred equity financing have positive and negative aspects that need to be considered. Understanding the intricacies of both will help developers choose the right method of alternative financing for their specific project.
Mezzanine Financing
One of the main benefits of mezzanine financing is the ability to secure funding without having to dilute the share of equity. Additionally, as this method of financing acts as a second mortgage of sorts, there are fixed repayment terms. This helps to provide predictability which plays a large role in having the money set aside to make the payments. It is also worth noting that interest payments may be deducted as an expense, making them tax deductible.
With mezzanine financing there are also negatives to consider, namely, the fact that due to the increased risk, interest rates will be higher. This leads into another negative as with mezzanine financing there is a larger risk involved because of the increased debt and interest obligations. As a secured form of financing, mezzanine lenders have the right to collateral in the case of default which can lead to foreclosure.
Preferred Equity Financing
Preferred equity financing can be a viable option for property developers looking to finance their latest project without increasing debt ratios. For example, this type of financing can be structured flexibly so that investors do not receive additional profits if returns outperform expectations. It’s also worth noting that mandatory interest payments can be deferred during the construction phase to help developers increase cash flow at such a pivotal point in the project.
When opting for preferred equity financing, developers sacrifice both profit and control. With preferred equity, investors will also receive higher returns when compared to mezzanine financing. With preferred equity investors receiving a portion of the profits, developers have to share the reward of their hard work. It’s important to highlight that if preferred equity investors have negotiated voting rights, they can also influence how a project progresses.
When to Choose Mezzanine vs Preferred Equity
When choosing between mezzanine and preferred equity financing it’s important to approach the decision with an outcome in mind. If you’re looking for a tool by which to bridge a gap in funding, mezzanine will be the most obvious choice. For those wanting to share both the risks and rewards of the project with another party, preferred equity is advisable.
The right choice will be dependent upon a variety of different factors as well as project specific features. This is why the risk appetite of the developer and the project’s overall financial profile heavily influence the final decision.
There are situations where one alternative is more suitable than the other. As an example, a project where cash flow is limited may find financing a mezzanine debt difficult. Therefore, rather than going into more debt, the developer leverages preferred equity’s profit participation to access the funds needed to complete the project.
As another example, consider a developer with stable cash flow projections looking to help secure the extra funds needed to help complete a portion of the project that has yet to sell off the plan. Rather than giving up profit participation in the overall project, choosing mezzanine financing means maximising leverage today without diluting ownership tomorrow.
CPC’s Role in Property Development Financing
As a fully independent finance brokerage, CPC Lending Solutions works with developers to find solutions tailored to suit both financial circumstances and the overall goal of the project. All of which lays the foundation needed to structure the right funding mix.
By offering tailored services, CPC Lending Solutions investigates different funding models so that the final outcome – be it undertaking a mezzanine loan, preferred equity financing or a hybrid funding model – is the most suitable for your personal and professional needs.
Development and construction financing models can be complex, however, this highly specialised area of financing is a key skill of CPC Lending Solutions. Our expertise works as a key asset for developers looking to capital stacks to help optimise project returns.
Choosing the Right Financing for Your Project
Funding a property development project can be a complex endeavour. In order to achieve the best outcome possible, developers may need to look at the different layers of the capital stack. In property development financing, key components of the capital stack are mezzanine and preferred equity financing.
While both provide funds to property developers, each financing option has unique characteristics. To choose between taking on a mezzanine loan, which is also referred to as another layer of debt, versus preferred equity financing, where part of the exchange involves sharing control and profits, developers need the right guidance.
CPC Lending Solutions have the experience and expertise to help structure the most suitable financing package for your project, no matter how complex the capital stack may seem. Contact David Lovato on 0434 932 634 or email [email protected] to explore flexible funding options for your next development project.